通过收集整理1980s和2010s两个时期有关碳储量的历史文献资料,并结合研究小组的野外调查数据,构建了中国陆地生态系统植被和土壤碳数据库。该数据库覆盖了森林、灌丛、草地、农田和湿地等主要生态系统类型。基于该数据库对生态系统碳储量评估方法论进行了研究,包括碳储量评估中关键参数优化(柴华和何念鹏, 2015; Chai et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2016)和区域尺度统计方法与空间尺度变化的影响(Ma et al., 2016; Peng et al., 2016)。探讨了自然生态系统(森林、草地和荒漠)和人工生态系统(农田)土壤碳、氮和磷垂直分布特征(Chai et al., 2015),同时定量评估了土壤容重传递函数的选择对区域尺度土壤碳储量估算的影响(Xu et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2016)。根据2010s时期数据资料并结合评估方法,当前中国森林生态系统和草地生态系统碳储量约为33.16 Pg C和30.98 Pg C(Ma et al., 2016; Peng et al., 2016),此外, 中国森林和草地的凋落物现存量中的碳储量分别为0.52和0.05 Pg C(温丁和何念鹏, 2016)。
研究还发现:中国东部森林随着纬度的增加,植被碳储量呈减少趋势,土壤碳储量呈增加趋势,但整个森林生态系统碳储量(植被碳储量+土壤碳储量)却没有明显的纬度变化趋势;气候因子(年均温和年均降水)是影响森林植被和土壤碳储量空间分布格局的关键因素,但它们的调控机制不同(Wen and He, 2016)。此外,以森林次生演替理论为基础,结合碳专项生态系统固碳项目的大量调查数据和三种气候模式(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5),他们自主构建了森林碳潜力(Forest Carbon Sequestration, FCS)估算模型,该模型可以为各地区评估其人工林或天然次生林碳储量与固碳速率提供科学的、简洁的、快速的评估方法(软件著作权号:2016SR110832)。基于FCS模型,中国森林植被2010~2050的固碳潜力为14.95 Pg C,平均固碳速率为0.37 Pg C yr–1,其中落叶阔叶林的固碳潜力最大,而落叶针叶林的固碳潜力最小(图1);如果考虑到自然灾害或人为干扰等因素,实际固碳速率应低于该估算值。根据统计,中国森林平均林龄30~40年,据此模型推算在维持现有森林不变的情况下,中国森林植被最快的固碳速度出现在2020左右(He et al., 2016)。
上述研究获得中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050702)、国家自然科学基金项目(31290221、31470506)和中科院地理科学与资源研究所可桢杰出青年人才项目(2013RC102)等资助。
论文列表:
1) He NP, Wen D, Zhu JX, Tang XL, Xu L, Hu HF, Zhang L, Huang M, Yu GR. 2016. Vegetation carbon sequestration in Chinese forests from 2010 to 2050. Global Change Biology, doi:10.1111/gcb.13479. (IF = 8.08; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13479/pdf )
2) Xu L, He NP, Yu GR. 2016. Methods of evaluating soil bulk density: Impact on estimating large-scale soil organic carbon storage. Catena, 144: 94-101. (IF = 2.612; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.05.001 )
3) Ma AN, He NP, Yu GR, Wen D, Peng SL. 2016. Carbon storage in Chinese grassland ecosystems: Comparison of different integrative methods. Scientific Reports, 6: 21378. (IF = 5.228; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756709/ )
4) Peng SL, Wen D, He NP, Yu GR, Wang QF, Ma AN. 2016. Carbon storage in China's forest ecosystems: estimation by different integrative methods. Ecology and Evolution, 6(10): 3129-3145. (IF = 2.537; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2114/full )
5) Jiao CC, Yu GR, He NP, Ma AN, Ge JP, Hu ZM. 2017. Spatial patterns of grassland aboveground biomass and its environmental controls in the Eurasian steppe. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(1): 3-22. (IF = 1.923)
6) Wen D, He NP, Zhang JJ. 2016. Dynamics of organic carbon in soil aggregates varied regularly with grazing exclusion in Inner Mongolian grasslands. PlosOne, 11(1): e0146757. (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0146757 )
7) Wen D, He NP. 2016. Spatial patterns and control mechanisms of carbon storage in forest ecosystem: evidence from the north-south transect of eastern China. Ecological Indicator, 61: 960-967. (IF=3.190; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X15006056 )
8) Chai H, Yu GR, He NP, Wen D, Li J, Fang JP. 2015. Vertical distribution of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in typical Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. Chinese Geographical Sciences, 25: 549-560. (IF=1.145; http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11769-015-0756-z )
9) Xu L, He NP, Yu GR, Wen D, Gao Y, He HL. 2015. Differences in pedotransfer functions of bulk density lead to high uncertainty in soil organic carbon estimation at regional scales: evidence from Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeoscience, 120: 1567-1575. (IF=3.318; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JG002929/full )
10) He NP, Wang RM, Zhang YH, Chen QS. 2014. Carbon and nitrogen storage in Inner Mongolian grasslands: relationship with climate and soil texture. Pedosphere, 24(3): 391-398. (IF = 1.535; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002016014600254 )
11) He NP, Yu Q, Wang RM, Zhang YH, Gao Y, Yu GR. 2013. Enhancement of carbon sequestration in soil in the temperature grasslands of northern China by addition of nitrogen and phosphorus. PLosOne, 8(10): e77241. (IF = 3.057; http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0077241 )
12) 焦翠翠, 于贵瑞, 何念鹏, 马安娜, 葛剑平, 胡中民. 2016. 欧亚大陆草原地上生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子的关系. 地理学报, 71(3): doi: 10.11821/dlxb2016. (http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DLXB201605008.htm )
13) 温丁, 何念鹏. 2016. 中国森林和草地凋落物现存量的空间分布格局及其控制因素. 生态学报, 36(10): 2876-2884. (http://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=stxb201410152030&journal_id=stxb )
14) 柴华, 何念鹏. 2016. 中国土壤容重特征及其对区域碳贮量估算的意义. 生态学报, 36(13): 3903-3920. (http://www.ecologica.cn/stxb/ch/html/2016/13/stxb201411222312.htm )
15) 马安娜, 于贵瑞, 何念鹏, 王秋凤. 2014. 中国草地生态系统地上-地下生物量关系分析. 第四纪研究,34(4): 769–776. (http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10922.shtml )
16) 彭舜磊,于贵瑞,何念鹏,王秋凤. 2014. 中国亚热带5种森林的碳库组分偶联关系及固碳潜力. 第四纪研究, 34(4): 777–787. (http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10923.shtml )
图1 中国森林植被2010-2050固碳潜力.png