生态系统碳氮循环耦合作用是当前全球变化学的前沿领域。自然状态下陆地生态系统生产力普遍受到氮素限制,外源性氮素输入倾向于增加生态系统碳固定,同时改变土壤-大气界面碳氮气体交换、土壤有机碳(SOC)储量和稳定性,目前国际上关于“氮促碳汇”效应存在严重分歧,包括碳固定、碳耗竭和碳中性等观点。
针对全球大气氮沉降模拟控制试验站点分散、施氮形态单一、持续时间短等局限性,于贵瑞课题组以中国东部南北样带(NSTEC)和中国草地样带(CGT)4个典型森林和草地生态系统为研究对象,统一布设多形态(NH4+、NO3-、Urea)、多水平的增氮控制试验,高频监测研究土壤CO2、CH4和N2O交换通量对增氮的响应规律和主控因子,同时利用稳定性同位素、三维荧光光谱、Biolog等技术研究氮素富集条件下SOC积累与损耗的生物化学机制。
研究发现:(1)低剂量施氮抑制了土壤CO2和N2O排放,促进了土壤CH4吸收,而中、高剂量氮输入的效应正好相反;并且铵态氮对土壤碳氮气体通量的促进或抑制作用较硝态氮更强(Fang et al., 2012, Plant and Soil; Fang et al., 2014, Geoderma; Xu et al., 2014, Forest Science; Wang et al., 2014, Plos One)。(2)通过测定NSTEC样带7个典型森林土壤异养呼吸和微生物碳源利用活性,发现温带森林土壤微生物群落主要利用高能量基质,而亚热带森林微生物同等效率地利用土壤基质,从而揭示了土壤CO2通量沿着纬度变化的微生物学机理(Fang et al., 2014, Ecological Research)。(3)发现低氮增加SOC及各组分储量,新增有机碳主要储存在粗颗粒有机碳组分中;而中氮和高氮倾向于消耗易变的SOC组分,增加耐分解SOC的比例,导致青藏高原高寒草甸SOC数量下降和稳定性增加 (Fang et al., 2014, Applied Soil Ecology; Fang et al., 2014, European Journal of Soil Science)。
上述研究提出了土壤碳氮温室气体对增氮非线性响应的“三阶段”模式,揭示了氮沉降对生态系统碳截留和损耗的影响机理,界定导致北方森林和高寒草甸生态系统功能转变的大气氮沉降临界负荷为20 kgN ha-1 yr-1,明确指出在高寒草甸施加铵态氮肥具有更大的生态环境风险。
相关论文:
1、Fang Huajun,Guirui Yu, Minjie Xu, Xusheng Dang, Linsen Li, Lei Wang,Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration, carbon availability, and microbial function in seven forests along a climate gradient,Ecological Research,2014,DOI 10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6.
2、Fang Huajun,Cheng Shulan, Yu Guirui, Minjie Xu, Yongsheng Wang, Linsheng Li, Xusheng Dang, Lei Wang, Yingnian Li,Experimental nitrogen deposition alters the quantity and quality of soil dissolved organic carbon in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Applied Soil Ecology,DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.007
3、Fang Huajun。Cheng Shulan, Yu Guirui, Xueming Yang, Minjie Xu, Yongsheng Wang, Linsheng Li, Xusheng Dang, Lei Wang, Yingnian Li,Nitrogen deposition impacts on the amount and stability of soil organic matter in an alpine meadow ecosystem depend on the form and rate of applied nitrogen,European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65, 510–519.
4、Fang Huajun,Cheng Shulan, Yu Guirui, Jules Cooch, Wang Yongsheng, Xu Minjie, Li Linsen, Dang Xusheng, Li Yingnian,Low-level nitrogen deposition significantly inhibits methane uptake from an alpine meadow soil on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Geoderma, 213 (2014) 444–452.
5、Wang Yongsheng,Shulan Cheng, Huajun Fang,Guirui Yu, Minjie Xu, Xusheng Dang, Linsen Li, Lei Wang,Simulated nitrogen deposition reduces CH4 uptake and increases N2O emission from a subtropical plantation forest soil in southern China,Plos One,April 2014 Volume 9, Issue 4, e93571.
6、Minjie Xu, Shulan Cheng, Huajun Fang, Guirui Yu, Wenlong Gao, Yongsheng Wang,Xusheng Dang, and Linsen Li,Low-level nitrogen addition promotes net methane uptake in a boreal forest across the Great Xing’an Mountain region, China. Forest Science,2014, 60(2).